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Considerations
Hot Rolled Sheet
Pickled Non-Temper
Rolled
Application Considerations
U. S. Steel Hot Rolled Products
are furnished in accordance with the latest ASTM material
specifications. These latest ASTM specifications now include
new product terminology, more definitive chemical composition
limits and non-mandatory, typical mechanical properties.
Previously, these specifications only required maximum limits
on the chemical elements carbon, manganese, phosphorus and
sulfur.
U. S. Steel Hot Rolled Products are typically specified to
one of the following product designations:
Selection of the proper steel designation must be based on
the specific formability and mechanical property requirements
of the final application. A general description, including
chemical composition and typical mechanical property values,
for each steel designation follows. For assistance in material
selection, contact your local U. S. Steel Sales Office for
customer technical service.
Steel Designations
Commercial Steel Sheet (CS)
Commercial Steel Sheet is intended for applications that require only light draws or moderate
forming and bending. Commercial Steels may be specified to
ASTM A1011 CS Type B (0.02 to 0.15 percent carbon and
typical mechanical properties), ASTM A659 CS (0.16 to 0.25 percent carbon),
Chem Req (over
0.25 percent carbon) or ASTM A635 (up to 0.25 max C Heavy Thickness Coils).
CS is furnished only to the compositional limits of AISI Grades
1015 through 1023. Because the carbon level of these steels is over 0.15 to 0.25%, these steels are
intended for applications that are flat or require limited bending or forming. For improved forming
or bending at the expense of hardness and/or wear resistance, CS Type B steel should be specified.
Chem. Req.
U. S. Steel established the Chem Req steel designation to
comprehend higher carbon steel grades such as AISI 1025
through 1080. Because the maximum carbon content of these
steel grades exceed 0.25%, these steels are recommended for
flat applications. Chem Req steels are furnished to
compositional limits only.
CS Type B steel can be bent flat on itself in any direction
at room temperature. However, this steel type is subject to stretcher strains, fluting and coil
breaks (in heavier gauges) due to a metallurgical phenomenon called aging. To minimize the
tendency for fluting or stretcher strains that recur after CS Type B steels age, it is
necessary for the user to effectively roller level the product immediately before use. However,
roller leveling will not restore softness and ductility. The effects of aging, including coil
breaks, loss of ductility, and increased hardness, must be accepted by the customer beyond 45
days from the date of temper rolling.
To minimize the potential effects of aging, Drawing Steel DS Type B can be specified.
Drawing Steel Sheet - DS TYPE B
Drawing Steel Sheet is intended for applications that require stringent forming or drawing. It
is used primarily for applications that exceed the forming capability of CS Type B sheet
steels. Drawing Steel Sheet may be specified to ASTM A1011 DS Type B (0.02 to 0.08 percent carbon)
or A635 (Heavy Thickness Coils).
DS Type B steel should be used when CS Type B steel will
not provide a sufficient degree of ductility for the fabrication of parts having stringent
drawing requirements. Controlled metallurgical and processing parameters are used at all
stages of manufacture, from steelmaking to finishing, in order to produce a product with
uniform mechanical properties and substantially improved ductility compared with CS type B material.
In addition to the improved formability, DS Type B steel
is essentially non-aging. It will not stretcher strain or exhibit fluting or suffer loss of
ductility with elapsed time after it has been properly temper rolled. This steel designation
should be specified when stretcher strains or fluting during fabrication are objectionable
and the user wants to store the steel for an extended period of time without experiencing the
adverse changes in ductility. DS Type B steel has its maximum ductility in the dead soft
condition, but in this state, it is subject to stretcher straining or fluting during
fabrication. The elimination of these 3 tendencies occurs only after temper rolling.
Drawing Steel with Boron (DS Type B with Boron)
addition should be used with Hot Rolled
Sheet when regular DS Type B will not provide a sufficient degree of ductility for the
fabrication of parts having stringent drawing requirements. The addition of Boron is made
to sheet steels to make them essentially non-aging and/or to improve formability.
Structural Steel (SS)
Structural Steel Sheet (SS) is intended for applications that
require specific mechanical
properties. This product is generally furnished to a broad chemistry requirement and to
specific properties which may include yield strength tensile strength and elongation values. Since
SS Sheet requirements cover mechanical properties ranging typically from 30 ksi to 55 ksi
(210 MPa to 380 MPa) minimum yield strength, the compatibility of the mechanical properties
ordered with the forming requirements of the specific application must be carefully considered.
Structural Steel Sheet (SS) is typically specified to either ASTM A1011 or ASTM
A1018 (heavy thickness) which are a carbon/manganese based specifications that preclude
the addition of columbium or vanadium. ASTM A1011 SS is available in grades with a
minimum yield strength through 40 ksi (275 MPa). Higher yield strength grades with
minimum yield strengths ranging from 45 ksi (310 MPa) to 70ksi (480 MPa) are typically
specified to ASTM A1011 HSLAS or A1018 HSLAS. (See the High Strength Sheet Section)
Specific Mechanical
Properties of Various ASTM A1011 SS Grades
Tensile Strength, min. ksi (MPa) |
Grade
Minimum
Yield Strength
ksi (MPa) |
49
(340) |
52
(360) |
53
(365) |
58
- 80
(400-500) |
55
(380) |
ASTM Designation |
|
30 (205)
|
|
|
|
|
|
A1011 Grade 30 SS
|
|
33 (230)
|
|
|
|
|
|
A1011 Grade 33 SS
|
|
36 (250)
|
|
|
|
|
|
A1011 Grade 36 Type 1 SS
|
|
36 (250)
|
|
|
|
|
|
A1011 Grade 36 Type 2 SS
|
|
40 (275)
|
|
|
|
|
|
A1011 Grade 40 SS
|
|
For minimum yield strength greater than 40 ksi, refer to A1011
HSLAS |
Pressure Vessel Steel (PVS)
Pressure Vessel steel sheet is intended for fusion welding or brazing into gas cylinders, boilers and similar end use high pressure applications. This product is ordered to mechanical property requirements ranging typically from 45 ksi to 75 ksi (310 MPa to 520 MPa) minimum tensile strength. More rigorous tensile testing is required on all Pressure Vessel sheet to assure uniform properties for these critical applications.
Carbon Pressure Vessel Sheet may be specified to ASTM A414. Presented below is a summary of the mechanical property requirements of this specification.
Specific Mechanical
Properties of Various ASTM A1011 SS Grades
Tensile Strength, min. ksi (MPa) |
Minimum
Yield
Strength
ksi (MPa) |
45
(310) |
50
(345) |
55
(380) |
60
(415) |
65
(450) |
70
(485) |
75
(515) |
ASTM
Designation |
|
25 (170)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A414 Grade A
|
|
30 (205)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A414 Grade B
|
|
33 (230)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A414 Grade C
|
|
35 (240)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A414 Grade D
|
|
38 (260)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A414 Grade E
|
|
42 (290)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A414 Grade F
|
|
45 (310)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A414 Grade G
|
| Each grade has a maximum tensile strength requirement equal to
15 ksi above the minimum tensile strength requirement shown in
the table above.
|
High Strength Low Alloy Sheet
High Strength Low Alloy Sheet is intended for applications where greater strength and reduced
weight are important.
Carbon Steel uses a combination of carbon, manganese, nitrogen and phosphorous to obtain
the desired strength levels.
High Strength Low Alloy Steel (HSLAS and HSLAS-F) is a specific group of steels in which
the various strength levels are achieved by the addition of moderate amounts of one or
more alloying elements. The most common are columbium, vanadium or titanium. HSLAS offer
improved formability and weldability when compared to the equivalent strength Structural
Steel. ASTM A1011 or A1018 are commonly specified for HSLAS or HSLAS-F.
Weathering Steel (USS COR-TEN®) uses alloying elements such as copper, chromium, silicon
and nickel to enhance the atmospheric corrosion resistance of the steel. The addition of
these elements also results in a high strength steel that typically exhibits a 50 ksi
minimum yield strength. ASTM A606 Type 4 is usually specified for this product.
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