Publications

The following is a list of publications that our engineers have contributed to.  You may click on the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) number to read an abstract and order the paper from SAE.  Extensive summaries are available for articles that have a "(Full Summary)" link next to the citation.

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Brochures
View our Dual Phase/DUAL-TEN^® Steel Brochure - web | .pdf (381kB)

Technical Papers

“Sheet Metal Shearing and Edge Characterization of Dual Phase Steels,” IDDRG 2009, June 2009, Golden, Colorado. X.M. Chen (USS), C. Du (Chrysler), X. Wu (Wayne State University), X. Zhu (LSTC), and S.D. Liu (Generalety).

“Optimized Steel Solutions for Roof Strength Using AHSS,” 2009 AISI Great Design in Steel Seminar, May 2009, Livonia, MI. G. Chen (USS). 

“An Experimental Study on Shear Fracture of Advanced High Strength Steels,” 2009 AISI Great Design in Steel Seminar, May 2009, Livonia, MI. H-C. Shih and M. F. Shi (USS).

“Springback Prediction Improvement Using New Simulation Technologies,” SAE technical paper # 2009-01-0981 , SAE 2009 World Congress, April 2009, Detroit, MI. X.M. Chen, M.F. Shi (USS), C. Du (Chrysler), Z.C. Xia (Ford), C.T. Wang, S. Xu (GM), and X. Zhu (LSTC).

“Three-Point Bending Crash Performance of Advanced High Strength Steels,” SAE technical paper # 2009-01-0797 , SAE 2009 World Congress, April 2009, Detroit, MI. T.M. Link (USS), C. Jensen (Univ. Texas at El Paso).

“Development of Shear Fracture Criterion for Dual-Phase Steel Stamping,” SAE technical paper # 2009-01-1172 , SAE 2009 World Congress, April 2009, Detroit, MI. D. Zeng, Z.C. Xia (Ford), H-C Shih, and M.F. Shi (USS).

“Bake Hardening Effect of Dual Phase Steels,” SAE technical paper # 2009-01-0796 , SAE 2009 World Congress, April 2009, Detroit, MI. S. Hill, S. Kuhlman (Univ. of Dayton Research Institute), K. Wang (GM), J. Belwafa (Ford), and X.M. Chen (USS).

“Results of Auto/Steel Partnership (A/SP) Steel Tube Hydroforming Materials and Lubricants Experimental Projects,” SAE technical paper # 2009-01-1390 , SAE 2009 World Congress, April 2009, Detroit, MI. R. Soldaat (ArcelorMittal), J. Alghanem (Chrysler), S. Kernosky (Ford), T. Stoughton (GM), L. Reyes (AK), and X.M. Chen (USS).

“Material Property and Formability Characterization of Various Types of High Strength Dual Phase Steel,” SAE technical paper # 2009-01-0794 , SAE 2009 World Congress, April 2009, Detroit, MI. J. Dykeman (Honda), D. Hoydick, T.M. Link, H. Mitsuji (USS).

“Durability of Advanced High Strength Steel Gas Metal Arc Welds,” SAE technical paper # 2009-01-0257 , SAE 2009 World Congress, April 2009, Detroit, MI. J.F. Bonnen (Ford), H.T. Kang (University of Michigan-Dearborn), K. Citrin (Chrysler), A. Khosrovaneh (GM), R. Mohan (Severstal), H-C Shih (USS).

“Influence of Weld Process Parameters on the Geometric Variability of the Gas-Metal Arc Welds,” SAE technical paper # 2009-01-1549 , SAE 2009 World Congress, April 2009, Detroit, MI. R. Mohan (Severstal), J.F. Bonnen (Ford), E. Young (Roman Engineering), A. Khosrovaneh (GM), M. A. Amaya (Chrysler), T.M. Link and H-C Shih (USS).

“On the Formability Behavior of Advanced High Strength Steels,” Steel Research International, 79(2008), pp. 47-53. A. Konieczny (USS).

“Cross-Section Optimization for Axial and Bending Crushes Using Dual Phase Steels,” SAE technical paper # 2008-01-1125 , SAE 2008 World Congress, April 2008, Detroit, MI. G. Chen, M.F. Shi (USS), and T. Tyan (Ford).

“Local Formability Characterization of AHSS – Digital Camera Based Hole Expansion Test Development,” Proceedings of the IDDRG 2008 International Conference, pp. 81-91, June 2008, Oloftrom Sweden. C. Chiriac and G. Chen (USS).

“Determination of Isotropic/Kinematic Hardening Constitutive Parameters for AHSS using Tension and Compression Tests,” Proceedings of NUMISHEET 2008, Part A, pp. 137-142, September 2008, Interlaken, Switzerland. M. F. Shi (USS), X. Zhu (LSTC), Z.C. Xia (Ford) and T. Stoughton (GM).

“AHSS Forming Simulations for Shear Fracture and Edge Cracking,” 2008 AISI Great Design in Steel Seminar, April 2008, Livonia, MI. X.M. Chen (USS) and D.J. Zhou (Chrysler).

“Cross Section Optimization for Axial and Bending Crushing Using AHSS,” 2008 AISI Great Design in Steel Seminar, April 2008, Livonia, MI. G. Chen (USS).

“Experimental Study on Shear Fracture of Advanced High Strength Steels,” 2008 ASME International Conference on Manufacturing Science and Engineering, Paper # MSEC_ICM&P2008-72046, October 2008, Evanston, IL. H-C Shih and M.F. Shi (USS). 

“Mass Efficient Cross-Sections Using Dual Phase Steels For Axial and Bending Crushes,” SAE technical paper # 2007-01-0978 , SAE 2007 World Congress, April 2007, Detroit, MI. G. Chen, M.F. Shi (USS), T. Tyan (Ford).

“On Formability Limitations in Stamping Involving Sheared Edge Stretching,” SAE technical paper # 2007-01-0340 , SAE 2007 World Congress, April 2007, Detroit, MI. A. Konieczny, T. Henderson (USS).

“Influence of Nitriding Mechanism on Surface Roughness of Plasma and Gas Nitrided/Nitrocarburazed Gray Cast Iron,” E. Rolinski (AHT), A. Konieczny (USS) and G. Sharp (AHT), Heat Treating Progress, pp. 39-46, March/April 2007.

“Prediction of Stretch Flangeability Limits of Advanced High Strength Steels Using the Hole Expansion Test,” SAE technical paper # 2007-01-1693 , SAE 2007 World Congress, April 2007, Detroit, MI. M.F. Shi and X.M. Chen (USS).

"Die Temperature Effects on Stamping Coated Advanced High Strength Steel," Galvatech’07, 7th International Conference on Zinc and Zinc Alloy Coated Steel Sheet, pp. 254-259, November 2007, Osaka, Japan. H-C Shih (USS).

“Correlation of FEA Prediction and Experiments on Dual-Phase Steel Automotive Rails,” 2007 Numiform, June 2007, Porto, Portugal. C. Du (Chrysler), X. M. Chen (USS), T. Lim (Dofasco), T. Chang (Severstal), P. Xiao and S.-D. Liu (Generalety).

“Hot- and Cold-Rolled Low-Carbon Manganese TRIP Steels," SAE technical paper # 2007-01-0336 , SAE 2007 World Congress, April 2007, Detroit, MI. M. J. Merwin (USS).

“Methodology for Control Springback and Die Temperature In Stamping AHSS,” Materials Science and Technology 2007 Conference, September 2007, Detroit, MI. H-C Shih (USS).

“Microstructure and Properties of Cold-Rolled-and-Annealed Low-Carbon Manganese TRIP Steels,” Materials Science and Technology 2007 Conference Proceedings, pp. 515-536, September 2007, Detroit, MI. M. J. Merwin (USS).

“The Effect of Coating on the Resistance Spot Welding Behavior of 780 MPa Dual-Phase Steel,” Welding Journal, Volume 86, Number 9, 2007. M. D. Tumuluru (USS).

“Compositional Design Concepts Using Al and Si as Alloying Elements in TRIP Steels,” Microalloying 2007 Conference Proceedings, March 2007, Kolkata, India. M. Gomez, C. I. Garcia, D. M. Haezebrouck, and A. J. DeArdo (USS).

“Microstructural Evolution During Continuous Galvanizing and Final Mechanical Properties of High Al-Low Si TRIP Steels,” Materials Science and Technology 2007 Conference Proceedings, September 2007, Detroit, MI. M. Gomez, C. I. Garcia, A. J. DeArdo, D. M. Haezebrouck (USS).

“Influence of AHSS Part Geometric Features on Crash Behavior,” SAE technical paper # 2006-01-1588 , SAE 2006 World Congress, April 2006, Detroit, MI. G. Chen, A. Konieczny (USS).

“Modeling Energy Absorption and Deformation of Multicorner Columns in Lateral Bending,” SAE technical paper # 2006-01-0123 , SAE 2006 World Congress, April 2006, Detroit, MI. M. Gonzalez, K. Chitoor, H.S. Kim, T. Tyan (Ford), G. Chen, X.M. Chen, M.F. Shi (USS).

“Hydroforming Simulation of High Strength Steel Tubes,” SAE technical paper # 2006-01-0545 , SAE 2006 World Congress, April 2006, Detroit, MI. X.M. Chen and M. F. Shi (USS), K. Watanabe, Y. Hayashida, Y. Omiya (Kobe).

“Forming Failure Modes of Advanced High Strength Steels,” The 12th International Symposium on Plasticity, July 2006, Halifax, Canada. M.F. Shi (USS).

“Issues on the AHSS Forming Limit Determination,” Proceedings of the IDDRG 2006 International Conference, June 2006, Porto, Portugal. M.F. Shi and S. Gelisse (USS).

“Evaluation of Friction Behavior of Automotive Steels with Different Test Methods,” 2006 ASME International Conference on Manufacturing Science & Engineering (MSEC), Paper # MSEC2006-21026, October 2006, Ypsilanti, MI. H-C Shih and M.F. Shi (USS).

“AHSS Heat Generation and Water-Cooled Draw Bead Study,” 2006 AISI Great Steel Design Seminar, March 2006, Livonia, MI. H-C Shih (USS).

“Plasma Nitriding of the Automotive Stamping Dies,” E. Rolinski (AHT), A. Konieczny (USS), G. Sharp (AHT), Heat Treating Progress, pp. 125, October/November 2006.

“Resistance Spot Welding of Dual Phase Steels,” 2006 AISI Great Design in Steel Seminar, March 2006, Livonia, MI. M. D. Tumuluru (USS).

“A Comparative Examination of the Resistance Spot Welding Behavior of Two Advanced High Strength Steels,” SAE technical paper # 2006-01-1214 , SAE 2006 World Congress, April 2006, Detroit, MI. M. D. Tumuluru (USS). 

“An Overview of the Resistance Spot Welding Behavior of Dual Phase Steels used in Automotive Applications,” XII Sheet Metal Welding Conference, May 2006, Livonia, MI. M. D. Tumuluru (USS).

“Low-Carbon Manganese TRIP Steels,” THERMEC 2006, July 2006, Vancouver, Canada. M. J. Merwin (USS).

“The Numisheet 2005 Benchmark Study,” Proceeding edited by J. Cao (NWU), August 2005, Detroit, MI. M.F. Shi (USS), T. Stoughton (GM), C.T, Wang (GM) and L. Zhang (Chrysler).

“Background and Tryout Report for BM2: Underbody Cross Member,” Proceeding of NUMISHEET 2005 Conference, August 2005, Detroit, MI. L. Zhang, D. Zhou, J. Wu, C. Du (Chrysler), M.F. Shi, X.M. Chen (USS), M. Huang, Z. C. Xia (Ford) and E. Chu.

“Specification for Benchmark Materials,” Proceeding of NUMISHEET 2005 Conference, August 2005, Detroit, MI. M.F. Shi (USS) and M. Huang.

“Springback and Springback Control of Advanced High Strength Steels,” Materials Science and Technology 2005 Conference Proceedings, September 2005, Pittsburgh, PA. M.F. Shi (USS).

“Plane Strain Simulation for Corner Fill of Hydroforming Tubes in Oversized Die,” SAE technical paper # 2005-01-0093 , SAE 2005 World Congress, April 2005, Detroit, MI. K. Chen (GM), J. Chen (Severstal), X.M. Chen (USS).

“Drop Tower Crash Testing of Advanced High Strength Steel Tubes,” 2005 AISI Great Designs in Steel Seminar, March 2005, Livonia, MI. T. M. Link (USS).

“Resistance Spot Welding Studies on Two Dual Phase Steels,” AWS FabTech Conference, November 2005, Chicago, IL. M. D. Tumuluru (USS).

“The Influence of Deformation-Induced Residual Stresses on the Post-Forming Tensile Stress/Strain Behavior of Dual-Phase Steels,” PhD Dissertation, University of Pittsburgh, 2005. B. M. Hance (USS).

"Springback Prediction on Slit-Ring Test”, NUMISHEET Conference 2005, Detroit, MI. X.M. Chen, M. F. Shi, United States Steel Corporation; F. Ren and Z.C. Xia, Ford Motor Company

“Crash Performances of Advanced High Strength Steels of DP780, TRIP780, and DP980,” SAE technical paper # 2005-01-0354 , SAE 2005 World Congress, April 2005, Detroit, MI. X.M. Chen, M.F. Shi, G. Chen, U. S. Steel; M. Kamura and Y. Omiya, Kobe Steel.

“Experimental and Numerical Studies of Crash Trigger Sensitivity in Frontal Impact,” SAE technical paper # 2005-01-0355 , SAE 2005 World Congress, April 2005, Detroit, MI. G. Chen, X.M. Chen, M.F. Shi, U. S. Steel; W. Li, and T. Tyan, Ford Motor Company.

“Effects of Material Bending and Hardening on Dynamic Dent Resistance,” SAE technical paper # 2005-01-0832 , SAE 2005 World Congress, April 2005, Detroit, MI. H.C. Shih, U. S. Steel; C.D. Horvath, General Motor Corporation.

“Advanced High Strength Steel Springback and Sidewall Curl Control Guideline,” SAE technical paper # 2005-01-0499 , SAE 2005 World Congress, April 2005, Detroit, MI. H.C. Shih, U. S. Steel.

“Optimized Steel Closures: Achieving Weight and Cost Savings with Advanced Steel Design,” 2005 International Automotive Body Congress (IABC), Proceedings of Automotive Materials: Interior/Exterior & Safety Systems, Vol. 3, pp. 119 – 130, September 2005, Ann Arbor, MI. J.P. McGuire, Guofei Chen, and Ming Chen, U. S. Steel.

“Steel Lightweight Front End Structure,” 2005 International Automotive Body Congress (IABC), Proceedings of Automotive Materials: Interior/Exterior & Safety Systems, Vol. 3, pp., September 2005, Ann Arbor, MI. J.R. Shaw, U. S. Steel; J. Catterall, General Motors Corporation.

“Influence of Discontinuous Yielding on Normal Anisotropy (R-Value) Measurements,” J. Mat. Eng. Perf., vol. 14, no. 5, October 2005, pp. 616-622. B.M. Hance, U. S. Steel.

“Axial Crash Testing of Advanced High Strength Steel Tubes,” SAE technical paper # 2005-01-0836 , SAE 2005 World Congress, April 2005, Detroit, MI. T.M. Link and J. S. Grimm, U. S. Steel.

“A Benchmark Test for Springback: Experimental Procedures and Results,” SAE technical paper # 2005-01-0083 SAE 2005 World Congress, April 2005, Detroit, MI. Z.C. Xia, C.E. Miller, M.M. Lou, Ford Motor Company; M.F. Shi, A.A. Konieczny, X.M. Chen, U. S. Steel; T.G. Herold, National Institute of Standards & Technology.

"Numerical Investigation of Effects of Frame Trigger Hole Location on Crash Behavior," SAE technical paper # 2005-01-0702 , SAE 2005 World Congress, April 2005, Detroit, MI. W. Li, T. Tyan, Ford Motor Company; G. Chen, X.M. Chen, and M.F. Shi, U. S. Steel.

"Testing and Modeling of Metallic Multicorner Columns in Axial Crush and Lateral Bending," SAE technical paper # 2005-01-0353 , SAE 2005 World Congress, April 2005, Detroit, MI. M. Gonzalez, K. Chitoor, H.S. Kim, T. Tyan, Ford Motor Company; G. Chen, X.M. Chen, and M.F. Shi, U. S. Steel.

“Lightweight Closure Assemblies Utilizing Structural Foam,” SAE technical paper # 2004-01-1514 , SAE 2004 World Congress, March 2004, Detroit, MI. P. M. McKune, U. S. Steel.

“Material and Processing Modeling of Dual Phase Steel Front Rails for Crash,” International Conference on Advanced High Strength Sheet Steels for Automotive Applications Proceedings, pp. 161-170, Winter Park, Colorado, June 2004. G. Chen, X.M. Chen, M.F. Shi, U. S. Steel; G. Kalpundi, T. Wehner, and R. Yarlagadda, DaimlerChrysler Corporation.

“Metal Forming Characterization and Simulation of Advanced High Strength Steels”, SAE Technical Paper # 2004-01-1048 , SAE 2004 World Congress, April 2004, Detroit, MI, X.M. Chen, D.A. Witmer, United States Steel Corporation; M. Kamura, Y. Omiya, Kobe Steel LTD

“Hydroforming Performance of Laser-Welded and Electric-Resistance-Welded, High-Strength Steel Tubes,” SAE technical paper # 2004-01-0830 , SAE 2004 World Congress, March 2004, Detroit, MI. A.A. Konieczny, D.A. Witmer, X.M. Chen, M.F. Shi, U. S. Steel; Y. Omiya, Y. Hayashida, Kobe Steel.

“Effects of Patch on Dent Resistance,” SAE technical paper # 2004-01-0162 SAE 2004 World Congress, March 2004, Detroit, MI. H.C. Shih, U. S. Steel.

“Effects of Coating and Forming Condition on Friction,” Galvatech 2004, H.C. Shih, U. S. Steel; P.J. Belanger, M. Milititsky, DaimlerChrysler Corporation.

“Automotive Applications of Stretch Flange High Strength Steel”, SAE Technical Paper # 2003-01-0690 , SAE 2003 World Congress, March 2003, Detroit, MI. X. M. Chen, P.M. McKune, D.G. Prince, United States Steel Corporation

“Effects of Material Bending and Hardening on Static Dent Resistance,” SAE technical paper # 2003-01-0605 , SAE 2003 World Congress, March 2003, Detroit, MI. H.C. Shih, U. S. Steel; C.D. Horvath, General Motors Corporation.

“Development of Dynamic Dent Resistance Testing Procedures,” SAE technical paper # 2003-01-0607 , SAE 2003 World Congress, March 2003, Detroit, MI. H.C. Shih, U. S. Steel.

“Effects of Strain Rate and Temperature on the Work Hardening Behavior of High Strength Sheet Steels,” SAE technical paper # 2003-01-0516 , SAE 2003 World Congress, March 2003, Detroit, MI. T.M. Link and B.M. Hance, U. S. Steel.

“On the Formability of Automotive TRIP Steels,” SAE technical paper # 2003-01-0521 , SAE 2003 World Congress, March 2003, Detroit, MI. A.A. Konieczny, U. S. Steel.

“Bake-hardenability of Multiphase High Strength Steels,” Proceedings of the 45th Iron and Steel Society Mechanical Working and Steel Processing Conference, Chicago, November 2003, pp. 195-206. B.M. Hance, T.M. Link and D.P. Hoydick, U. S. Steel.

“Strain Path Effects on the Flow Behavior of Advanced High Strength Steels (AHSS),” Transformation and Deformation Mechanisms in Advanced High Strength Steels, Proceedings of the Conference of Metallurgists, Vancouver, August 2003, pp. 245-259. B.M. Hance, U. S. Steel.

“Non-Proportional Hole Expansion Behavior of Stretch-Formed High-Strength Sheet Steels,” Sheet Metal 2003, Proceedings of SheMet 2003, April 2003, Jordanstown, Northern Ireland, pp. 371-380. B.M. Hance, U. S. Steel.

“Tensile-Shear Spot Weld Fatigue Behavior of High Strength Steels,” 45th Iron and Steel Society MWSP Conference Proceedings, Vol. XLI, 2003. T.M. Link, U. S. Steel.

“Process Parameter Sensitivity Study on Tube Hydroforming”, LS-DYNA User Conference, June 2003, Detroit, MI. X.M. Chen, United States Steel Corporation; K. Palanisamy, ETA, Inc. and X.H. Zhu, Livermore Software Technology Corporation.

“Denting Simulation and Verification”, SAE Technical Paper # 2002-01-0789 , SAE 2002 World Congress, March 2002, Detroit, MI. X. M. Chen, M.F. Shi, United States Steel Corporation

“Work Hardening Behavior of High Strength Steels,” Proceedings of the 44th Iron and Steel Society Mechanical Working and Steel Processing Conference, Orlando, September 2002, pp. 467-482. B.M. Hance and T.M. Link, U. S. Steel.

"ULSAB - Advanced Vehicle Concepts – Materials,” SAE Technical Paper # 
2002-01-0044 . SAE 2002 World Congress, March 2002, Detroit, MI. J. R. Shaw,
U. S. Steel; B. Engl, Thyssen Krupp Stahl; C. Espina, ACERALIA Corporacion Siderurgica; E. C. Oren, Bethlehem Steel; Y. Kawamoto, Kobe Steel. 

“ULSAB - Advanced Vehicle Concepts Environment for Green Vehicles, Efficient is Better,” SAE Technical Paper # 2002-01-0360 SAE 2002 World Congress, March 2002, Detroit, MI. P. T. Peterson, U. S. Steel.

“Achieving An Affordable Low Emission Steel Vehicle; An Economic Assessment of the ULSAB - AVC Program Design,” SAE Technical Paper # 2002-01-0361 .  SAE 2002 World Congress, March 2002, Detroit, MI. J. R. Shaw,
U. S. Steel; R. Roth, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

“Formability Performance Comparison between Dual Phase and HSLA Steels,” Process Symposium 43rd Mechanical Working and Steel Processing Conference, Iron & Steel Society, 2001. M. F. Shi, G. H. Thomas, X. M. Chen, U. S. Steel; 
J. R. Fekete, General Motors.

“Steel Processing Effects on Impact Deformation of Ultra Light Steel Auto Body,” SAE Technical Paper # 2001-01-1056 . SAE 2001 World Congress, March 2001, Detroit, MI. J. R. Shaw, U. S. Steel, S. Simunovic, G. A. Aramayo, Oak Ridge National Lab. (Full Summary)

“Applications of High Strength Steels in Hydroforming: Dual Phase Vs. HSLA,” SAE Technical Paper # 2001-01-1133 . SAE 2001 World Congress, March 2001, Detroit, MI. X. M. Chen, M. F. Shi, P. M. McKune, U. S. Steel. 

“Metal Forming Characterization and Simulation of Advanced High Strength Steels,” SAE Technical Paper # 2001-01-1139 . SAE 2001 World Congress, March 2001, Detroit, MI. J. R. Shaw, X. M. Chen, U. S. Steel; K. Watanabe, Kobe Steel.
(Full Summary) 

“Steel Strength and Processing Effects on Impact Deformation for a Crash Energy Management Component,” SAE Technical Paper # 2000-01-1053 . SAE 2001 World Congress, March 2001, Detroit, MI. J. R. Shaw, U. S. Steel;
K. Watanabe, Kobe Steel. (Full Summary)

“High Strength Steel Skid Plates: A Design Optimization Study,” SAE Technical Paper # 2001-01-3069 . International Body Engineering Conference & Exposition (IBEC), October 2001, Detroit MI. P. M. McKune, U. S. Steel; A. C. Lin, Ford. 

“Stamping and Crash Performance of Dual Phase Steel,” SAE Technical Paper # 2001-01-3074 . International Body Engineering Conference & Exposition, October 2001, Detroit, MI. X. M. Chen, J. J. Drouin, U. S. Steel; T. N. Seel, R. D. Dell’Osso, P. Belanger, DaimlerChrysler. 

“On Formability Assessment of the Automotive Dual Phase Steels,” SAE Technical Paper # 2001-01-3075 . International Body Engineering Conference & Exposition, October 2001, Detroit, MI. A. A. Konieczny, U. S. Steel. 

"A Comparison of Energy Absorption of HSLA vs. Dual Phase Sheet Steel in Dynamic Crush", IBEC 2001, Detroit, Michigan (2001). J. R. Fekete, A. M. Stibich,
M. F. Shi.

“New High Strength Steels Help Automakers Reach Future Goals for Safety, Affordability, Fuel Efficiency and Environmental Responsibility,” SAE Technical Paper # 2001-01-3041 . International Body Engineering Conference & Exposition, October 2001, Detroit, MI. J. R. Shaw, U. S. Steel; B. K. Zuidema, National Steel. 

“A Comparison of the Response of HSLA and Dual Phase Sheet Steel in Dynamic Crush,” SAE Technical Paper # 2001-01-3101 . International Body Engineering Conference & Exposition, October 2001, Detroit, MI. M. F. Shi, U. S. Steel; J. R. Fekete, A. M. Stibich, General Motors.

“An Experimental Study of Springback for Dual Phase Steel and Conventional High Strength Steel,” SAE Technical Paper # 2001-01-3106 . International Body Engineering Conference & Exposition, October 2001, Detroit, MI. A. A. Konieczny, M. F. Shi, U. S. Steel; Changqing Du, DaimlerChrysler.

"Material Window Database for Stamping Analysis" - International Deep Draw Research Group Conference (IDDRG), Ann Arbor, Michigan (2000). X. M. Chen.

“Cost and Weight Reduction and Stiffness Improvement in a Liftgate through the use of Non-linear Laser Welded Blanks,” SAE Technical Paper # 1999-01-3163 . International Body Engineering Conference & Exposition, September 1999, Detroit, MI. J. J. Drouin, J. R. Shaw, U. S. Steel; M. S. Williamson, Olympic Laser Processing.

“An Overview of Formability, Technological and Micro structural Aspects of the Automotive Dual-Phase Steels,” ASM Material Solution Conference and Exposition (2000). A. A. Konieczny and D. P. Hoydick, U. S. Steel.

"Metal Forming Simulation of Advanced High Strength Steel" - JSAE (2000). Paper # 20005488 J. R. Shaw, X. M. Chen, K. Watanabe. 

"Material Characterization of New Advanced High Strength Steels", JSAE Paper # 20005488 , 2000. K. Watanabe, J. R. Shaw, Y. Omiya, S. Saitou.

“Material Modeling Effects on Impact Deformation of UltraLight Steel Auto Body,” SAE Technical Paper # 2000-01-2715 International Body Engineering Conference & Exposition, October 2000, Detroit, MI. J. R. Shaw, U. S. Steel;
S. Simunovic, G. A. Aramayo, Oak Ridge National Laboratory. (Full Summary)

“Determine Member Strength of Automotive Steel Components Considering Local Buckling Effects,” SAE Technical Paper # 2000-01-2708 . International Body Engineering Conference & Exposition, October 2000, Detroit, MI. D. G. Prince,
U. S. Steel; S. J. Errera, S. Wang, American Iron & Steel Institute.

“Issues Concerning Material Constitutive Laws and Parameters in Springback Simulations,” SAE Technical Paper # 1999-01-1002 . SAE International Congress & Exposition, March 1999, Detroit MI. M. F. Shi, U. S. Steel; L. Zhang, DaimlerChrysler.

"A Study on Uniformity of Pre-applied Lubricants from Mill Application to Draw Die", SAE Technical Paper # 980074 (1998).

“Effect of Steel Strengthening Mechanisms on Dent Resistance of Automotive Body Panels,” SAE Technical Paper # 980960 . SAE International Congress & Exposition, February 1998, Detroit, MI. M. F. Shi, U. S. Steel; M. A. McCormick,
J. R. Fekete, General Motors; D. J. Meuleman, National Steel.

“Tubular Hydroforming: Correlation of Experimental and Simulation Results,” SAE Technical Paper # 980448 . International Body Engineering Conference & Exposition, February 1998, Detroit, MI. T. M. Srinivasan, J. R. Shaw, U. S. Steel;
K. Thomson, Ford.

“Sensitivity of Material Constitutive Parameters in Sheet Metal Forming Simulations,” SAE Technical Paper # 982300 . International Body Engineering Conference & Exposition, September 1998, Detroit, MI. M. F. Shi, D. G. Prince,
W. Song, U. S. Steel.

“A Sensitivity Study of Simulation Parameters in Sheet Metal Forming and Springback Simulations using LS-DYNA,” International DYNA Users Conference (1998). M. F. Shi, D. G. Prince and W. Song, U. S. Steel.

“Formability and Dent Resistance Performance of Automotive Sheet Steels,” Sino-American Technology and Engineering Conference, 1997. M. F. Shi, U. S. Steel.

“Coupling Forming and Denting Simulation for Automotive Closure Panels,” 19th International Symposium on Automotive Technology and Automation (1996).
R. Chavali, W. Song, U. S. Steel.

“Quasi-Static Dent Depth Simulation using Non-Linear FEA,” SAE Technical Paper, International Body Engineering Conference & Exposition, September 1995, Detroit, MI. R. N. Chavali, J. S. Montgomery, U. S. Steel; M. Sabbagh, Ford.